21 March 2022
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Solar cells, as an alternative renewable energy source, remain a major focus of research due to their relatively low energy conversion efficiency, which is still below 20%. Factors such as the dynamic movement of sunlight, weather conditions, and heat content beyond photons significantly influence conversion rates. To address these challenges, research has extended beyond the core materials of solar cells to include coatings, supporting materials, and auxiliary devices aimed at improving efficiency.
One key strategy is mitigating the impact of heat in sunlight, which can reduce efficiency by 0.5% for every 1°C increase in temperature, through the application of passive, active, or hybrid cooling systems. Floating solar cells, installed over water surfaces, have also emerged as a viable solution. Moreover, tracking systems utilizing soft computing and AI are being explored to adapt to the sun's dynamic movement, while reflective mirrors are employed to direct sunlight optimally.
In terms of energy utilization, various battery charging regulation techniques, inverter designs, and the implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) on inverters are being developed. Research also focuses on integrating off/on grid systems to connect solar cells to the PLN electricity network. These advancements are part of intensive research conducted by the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara (FT.USU), to support the development of renewable energy technologies.
