Research Article

Drone applications extend beyond military purposes and are widely utilized in various fields, such as fertilizer distribution in agriculture, animal monitoring in farming, and even recreational activities. However, the rapid development of drones compared to regulations has led to potential misuse, such as unauthorized drone usage in airfields, public institutions, or privacy violations. This situation...

Antennas are vital components in radio systems and have become a central focus in the development of modern electronic transmitters, including Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Among the various types, microstrip antennas are predominantly used due to their suitability for microwave frequency channels. The Department of Electrical Engineering (DTE), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara...

Solar cells, as an alternative renewable energy source, remain a major focus of research due to their relatively low energy conversion efficiency, which is still below 20%. Factors such as the dynamic movement of sunlight, weather conditions, and heat content beyond photons significantly influence conversion rates. To address these challenges, research has extended beyond the...